A Researcher Identifier is a unique number that identifies a specific author. Why would you want one? With the huge amount of authors, it can be challenging to connect papers by a specific author. Additionally, researchers move to different institutions through out their career which can add an extra layer of complexity when identifying their articles.
Some reasons to use an author identifier include:
Once you sign up for ORCID, you'll be assigned an ORCID ID number. Your number is located underneath your name on your ORCID profile. When asked for an ORCID ID, you can include this number. You can also include it in email signatures, personal website, resumes, etc.